Post?migratory nonbreeding movements of birds: A review and case study

Seasonal migrations are fascinating and ecologically important, but many migratory species declining as climate change land-use alter the habitats used by migrants across annual cycle. While some birds use a single wintering site, others undertake large-scale post-migratory movements during nonbreeding season. Technological advances that enable tracking individual uncovering more examples of movements. Documenting these is important for conservation, which requires understanding when where throughout their range. Here, we reviewed existing literature collected information on 92 bird from 18 orders six continents. Among records, most commonly reported drivers were resource availability climate. This strong dependence birds' abiotic biotic environments suggests environmental will impact patterns potentially fitness them. We also in North American-breeding thrushes genus Catharus to examine five closely related species. find less territorial likely multiple sites season; however, there little evidence dietary, evolutionary, or differences between thrush move winter those stationary. believe our study represents comprehensive list exhibiting date, biases sampling, lack common terminology movements, still-nascent inexpensive, lightweight devices mean probably populations such Future research into consequences ecosystem services would advance conservation importance evolution.